{"id":404,"date":"2026-10-27T18:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T15:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/risk-management-basics\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T15:16:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T13:16:09","slug":"risk-management-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/risk-management-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script>(function(){function s(){var home=null,tr=[];document.querySelectorAll('a.menu-link').forEach(function(a){var h=a.getAttribute('href')||'';if(\/\\\/trainers\\\/?$\/.test(h))tr.push(a);else 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.mtms-author{background:#0B2F9F;color:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:18px 22px;margin-top:32px;line-height:1.9}.single-post .mtms-author a{color:#19E6C9}<\/style>\n\n\n\n<style>.single-post .entry-content h2,.single-post .entry-content h3,.mtms-en h2,.mtms-en h3{color:#1B2A4A!important}.single-post .entry-content h2{border-right-color:#C9A227!important}.mtms-en h2{border-left-color:#C9A227!important}.single-post .mtms-box{background:#faf6e6!important;border-color:#ecdca0!important;border-right-color:#C9A227!important}.mtms-en .mtms-box{border-right-color:#ecdca0!important;border-left-color:#C9A227!important}.single-post .mtms-toc,.mtms-en .mtms-toc{background:#eef1f7!important}.single-post .entry-content th,.mtms-en th{background:#1B2A4A!important}.single-post .mtms-author,.mtms-en .mtms-author{background:#1B2A4A!important}.single-post .mtms-author a,.mtms-en .mtms-author a{color:#E6C75A!important}<\/style>\n<p class='mtms-meta'>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: MTMS Global \u00b7 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: 27\/10\/2026 \u00b7 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: 8 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/p>\n\n<div class='mtms-box'><h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h2><p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (ISO 31000:2018)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (COSO ERM 2017)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 Kaplan \u0648Mikes (2012) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c ISO 31000\u060c COSO ERM\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<nav class='mtms-toc' aria-label='\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629'><h2>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h2><ol><li><a href='#intro'>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#concept'>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#frameworks'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#types'>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#process'>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#register'>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#example'>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#mistakes'>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#conclusion'>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#faq'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#refs'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='intro'>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='concept'>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (ISO 31000:2018) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 (Risk) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (Risk Management) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='frameworks'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 (ISO 31000:2018) \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (COSO ERM 2017) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u00bb \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 (COSO, 2017). \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 <a href='https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/what-is-strategic-management\/'>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='types'>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d Kaplan \u0648Mikes (2012) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n<table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/th><th>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th><th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Preventable)<\/td><td>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/td><td>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Strategy)<\/td><td>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/td><td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td><td>\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (External)<\/td><td>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='process'>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 (ISO 31000:2018) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n<ol class='wp-block-list'><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (Identification) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Analysis) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 (Evaluation).<\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='register'>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (Risk Register) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1 \u064825. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 15 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/td><td>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/td><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/td><td>\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='example'>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (FMCG).<\/p>\n\n<table><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='mistakes'>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<ul class='wp-block-list'><li><strong>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638:<\/strong> \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/li><li><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629:<\/strong> \u00ab\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li><strong>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='conclusion'>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623:<\/p>\n\n<ol class='wp-block-list'><li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading' id='faq'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class='wp-block-heading'>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 (ISO 31000:2018).<\/p>\n\n<h3 class='wp-block-heading'>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ISO 31000 \u0648COSO ERM\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(ISO 31000) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 (COSO ERM) \u0641\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class='wp-block-heading'>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class='wp-block-heading'>\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class='wp-block-heading'>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 MTMS Global <a href='https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/consulting\/'>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648<a href='https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/training\/'>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 <a href='https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/professional-project-management\/'>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/contact-us\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n<div id='refs' class='mtms-refs'><h2 style='direction:rtl;text-align:right'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2><p>Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (2017). <em>Enterprise risk management: Integrating with strategy and performance<\/em>. COSO.<\/p><p>International Organization for Standardization. (2018). <em>ISO 31000:2018 Risk management: Guidelines<\/em>. ISO.<\/p><p>Kaplan, R. S., &amp; Mikes, A. (2012). Managing risks: A new framework. <em>Harvard Business Review, 90<\/em>(6), 48\u201360.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.mtms-langbar{direction:ltr;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin:0 0 14px}.mtms-langbar button{font-family:inherit;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;border:2px solid #C9A227;background:#1B2A4A;color:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:8px 18px;line-height:1.4}.mtms-langbar button:hover{background:#C9A227;color:#1B2A4A}.mtms-en{display:none}body.mtms-lang-en .entry-content>*:not(.mtms-en):not(.mtms-langbar){display:none!important}body.mtms-lang-en .mtms-en{display:block;direction:ltr;text-align:left;font-size:18px;line-height:1.9;color:#1f2937}body.mtms-lang-en.single-post .entry-header,body.mtms-lang-en.single-post .entry-content,body.mtms-lang-en.single-post .entry-title,body.mtms-lang-en.single-post .post-navigation{direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mtms-en h2{color:#0B2F9F;border-left:4px solid #7B2FF7;padding-left:12px;margin-top:2em}.mtms-en h3{color:#0B2F9F;margin-top:1.5em}.mtms-en ul,.mtms-en ol{padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:0}.mtms-en .mtms-meta{font-size:14px;color:#6b7280;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;padding-bottom:12px;margin-bottom:20px}.mtms-en .mtms-box{background:#f3f0ff;border:1px solid #d9ccff;border-left:5px solid #7B2FF7;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0}.mtms-en .mtms-box h2,.mtms-en .mtms-toc h2{margin-top:0;border:0;padding:0;font-size:1.15em}.mtms-en .mtms-toc{background:#eef4ff;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0}.mtms-en .mtms-toc ol{margin:0}.mtms-en table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:20px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}.mtms-en th{background:#0B2F9F;color:#fff;padding:10px;text-align:left}.mtms-en td{border:1px solid #e5e7eb;padding:10px;vertical-align:top}.mtms-en .mtms-refs p{padding-left:2em;text-indent:-2em;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 .8em}.mtms-en .mtms-author{background:#0B2F9F;color:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:18px 22px;margin-top:32px;line-height:1.8}.mtms-en .mtms-author a{color:#19E6C9}.mtms-en .mtms-share{direction:ltr;text-align:left;border-right:1px solid #e3e7ef;border-left:4px solid #C9A227}.mtms-en .mtms-share a{margin:0 8px 8px 0}<\/style>\n<div class=\"mtms-en\" data-title=\"Enterprise Risk Management: Framework, Process and Risk Register\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<p class=\"mtms-meta\">By MTMS Global \u00b7 Last updated: 27\/10\/2026 \u00b7 Reading time: 8 minutes \u00b7 Category: Risk Management<\/p>\n<div class=\"mtms-box\"><h2>Summary<\/h2><p>This article defines risk as the effect of uncertainty on objectives according to the international standard (ISO 31000:2018). It sets out the framework principles and the risk management process, compares them with the COSO ERM 2017 framework, presents Kaplan and Mikes&#8217;s (2012) classification of risks into preventable, strategy and external risks, and then builds a risk register step by step with a hypothetical example from the distribution sector.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> risk management, risk register, ISO 31000, COSO ERM, risk assessment.<\/p><\/div>\n<nav class=\"mtms-toc\" aria-label=\"Table of contents\"><h2>Contents<\/h2><ol><li><a href=\"#en-intro\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-concept\">The concept of risk and its management<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-frameworks\">Reference frameworks<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-types\">Classifying risks<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-process\">The risk management process<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-register\">The risk register<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-example\">An illustrative example<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-conclusion\">Conclusion and recommendations<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#en-refs\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-intro\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>Every organization manages risk in some way, but the difference between one organization and another is that some manage risk in an organized and recorded manner, while others rely on the experience of individuals who remember what happened before. This article presents the concept, the reference frameworks and then the main implementation tool, the risk register.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-concept\">The concept of risk and its management<\/h2>\n<p>The international standard (ISO 31000:2018) defines risk as the effect of uncertainty on objectives. The effect may be negative or positive, so risk is not limited to threats but includes opportunities. Risk management is the set of coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-frameworks\">Reference frameworks<\/h2>\n<p>The standard (ISO 31000:2018) sets out eight principles, among them that risk management is integrated, structured, customized to the organization&#8217;s context, inclusive, dynamic, based on the best available information, takes human and cultural factors into account, and improves continually. The standard divides the framework into leadership and commitment, integration, design, implementation, evaluation and improvement.<\/p>\n<p>The COSO ERM 2017 framework, titled &#8220;Enterprise Risk Management: Integrating with Strategy and Performance&#8221;, arranges practice in five components: governance and culture; strategy and objective-setting; performance; review and revision; and information, communication and reporting (COSO, 2017). Both frameworks stress linking risk to strategy, which connects to what we explained in our article <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/what-is-strategic-management\/\">Strategic management: concept, stages and core models<\/a> (Arabic).<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-types\">Classifying risks<\/h2>\n<p>Kaplan and Mikes (2012) propose three categories that differ in how they are managed:<\/p>\n<table><thead><tr><th>Category<\/th><th>Source<\/th><th>Management approach<\/th><th>Example from a distribution company<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Preventable risks<\/td><td>Inside the organization, such as errors or violations<\/td><td>Rules, controls and a culture of compliance<\/td><td>Delivering expired goods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strategy risks<\/td><td>A strategic choice accepted in order to earn a return<\/td><td>Manage the risk, do not avoid it<\/td><td>Entering a new sales channel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External risks<\/td><td>Outside the organization&#8217;s control<\/td><td>Identify in advance and mitigate the impact<\/td><td>Exchange-rate volatility or supply disruption<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<p>The value of the classification is that the strict controls suited to preventable risks can harm strategy risks, because they discourage a willingness to take calculated risks.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-process\">The risk management process<\/h2>\n<p>In the standard (ISO 31000:2018), the process consists of the following steps:<\/p>\n<ol><li><strong>Communication and consultation:<\/strong> involve stakeholders at every step.<\/li><li><strong>Establishing the scope, context and criteria:<\/strong> which objectives are exposed to risk, and what level of risk is acceptable.<\/li><li><strong>Risk assessment:<\/strong> includes risk identification, analysis and evaluation.<\/li><li><strong>Risk treatment:<\/strong> choose the response and implement it.<\/li><li><strong>Monitoring and review:<\/strong> measure how effective the responses are and watch for new risks.<\/li><li><strong>Recording and reporting:<\/strong> document the results and communicate them to decision-makers.<\/li><\/ol>\n<p>Treatment options include avoiding the risk, accepting it, reducing its likelihood or its impact, transferring it or sharing it. The choice depends on the level of risk as defined in the criteria and on the cost of treatment.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-register\">The risk register<\/h2>\n<p>A risk register is the tool that gathers the results of the process into a living document. A common method scores a risk by multiplying the likelihood score by the impact score, each on a scale of 1 to 5, so the score ranges from 1 to 25. What counts as high (for example, 15 or more) and calls for a treatment plan and senior management follow-up is set in advance. The scale here is an example for illustration, and each organization chooses its own criteria according to its context.<\/p>\n<table><thead><tr><th>Field<\/th><th>Content<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ID and description<\/td><td>A serial number and wording that includes the cause, the event and the impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Category<\/td><td>Preventable, strategy or external<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Likelihood and impact<\/td><td>A score from 1 to 5 for each<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk score<\/td><td>Likelihood \u00d7 impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td>Avoid, reduce, transfer or accept<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Owner<\/td><td>One person responsible for follow-up<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review date<\/td><td>The next date for reassessment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-example\">An illustrative example<\/h2>\n<p>The following example is hypothetical, to illustrate the wording; its figures are not real data from any organization. It assumes a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) distribution company.<\/p>\n<table><thead><tr><th>Risk<\/th><th>Likelihood<\/th><th>Impact<\/th><th>Score<\/th><th>Response and owner<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A supply disruption from a main supplier causes shortages in items that account for a large share of sales<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>Reduce: qualify an alternative supplier. Owner: procurement manager<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Late collection of receivables from a large customer puts pressure on liquidity<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>16<\/td><td>Reduce: credit limit and weekly follow-up. Owner: finance manager<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Delivering near-expiry goods to a retailer<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>Reduce: first-expired-first-out dispatch system. Owner: warehouse manager<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Exchange-rate volatility raises the cost of imported items<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>Transfer or share: periodic pricing review. Owner: sales manager<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/h2>\n<ul><li><strong>A register prepared once and then filed away:<\/strong> it loses its value if it has no review date.<\/li><li><strong>Risks with no owner:<\/strong> a risk that everyone shares is one that no one is asked about.<\/li><li><strong>Vague wording:<\/strong> &#8220;weak sales&#8221; is not a specific risk; correct wording states the cause, the event and the impact.<\/li><li><strong>Ignoring opportunities:<\/strong> the standard covers positive effects, not threats alone.<\/li><li><strong>Separating risk from strategy:<\/strong> risks are managed in isolation from the objectives they threaten.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-conclusion\">Conclusion and recommendations<\/h2>\n<p>Risk management is a continuous process that links objectives to the uncertainty surrounding them, and the risk register is its practical tool. For those starting out:<\/p>\n<ol><li>Define the main objectives first, then ask what could obstruct each one.<\/li><li>Adopt a single scale for likelihood and impact and set the threshold for high risks.<\/li><li>Assign each risk to one owner.<\/li><li>Review the register monthly, and review the scale and thresholds annually.<\/li><li>Link strategy risks to the organization&#8217;s plan.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n<h2 id=\"en-faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the definition of risk in the international standard?<\/h3>\n<p>The effect of uncertainty on objectives, which may be negative or positive (ISO 31000:2018).<\/p>\n<h3>What is the difference between ISO 31000 and COSO ERM?<\/h3>\n<p>ISO 31000 is an international standard that provides principles, a framework and a process for risk management, whereas COSO ERM is a framework that links enterprise risk management to strategy and performance in five components. They can be used together according to the organization&#8217;s needs.<\/p>\n<h3>How do we assess the risk score?<\/h3>\n<p>The common method multiplies the likelihood score by the impact score on a scale of 1 to 5, then compares the result with a threshold the organization sets in advance.<\/p>\n<h3>How often is the risk register reviewed?<\/h3>\n<p>There is no single standard. The common practice is to review it monthly or quarterly, depending on how fast the organization&#8217;s environment changes.<\/p>\n\n<h2>Putting it into practice<\/h2>\n<p>MTMS Global offers <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/consulting\/\">consulting services<\/a> for building a risk management framework and a risk register, and <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/training\/\">training programs<\/a> for management teams. Risk is directly connected to projects, so see our article <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/2026\/10\/27\/professional-project-management\/\">Project management: phases, knowledge areas and causes of failure<\/a>. You can also <a href=\"https:\/\/mtms.com.eg\/index.php\/contact-us\/\">contact us<\/a> to discuss your organization&#8217;s needs.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"en-refs\" class=\"mtms-refs\"><h2>References<\/h2><p>Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (2017). <em>Enterprise risk management: Integrating with strategy and performance<\/em>. COSO.<\/p><p>International Organization for Standardization. (2018). <em>ISO 31000:2018 Risk management: Guidelines<\/em>. ISO.<\/p><p>Kaplan, R. S., &amp; Mikes, A. (2012). Managing risks: A new framework. <em>Harvard Business Review, 90<\/em>(6), 48\u201360.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"mtms-author\"><strong>About MTMS Global:<\/strong> a Cairo-based management training and consulting company serving organizations in Egypt and the Gulf. 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